Article by Tauqeer Hassan
WCs
The pan part of a WC is made of vitreous china; the cistern (now almost always a low-level type) may be china or plastic. The waste outlet from the pan may be vertically downwards – an S-trap – or nearly horizontal a P-trap. Some WCs have a short horizontal outlet to which a ceramic or plastic connector can be added to convert the outlet into an S-trap or P-trap – angled if necessary. The stan¬dard height of the pan is 405mm, but other heights are available.
Washdown pan with standard cistern
The most usual type the contents of the pan are simply washed down the waste pipe by the force of the water from the cistern. Cheap but rather noisy in opera¬tion. Cisterns usually come complete with ballvalve – often a high-pressure type. For cisterns fed from a cold water storage cistern, a low-pressure ballvalve is needed. Inlets and overflows are positioned at the sides and can be inter¬changed. The flush handle is usually mounted on the front.
Siphonic pan with close-coupled cistern
The contents of the pan are sucked out by siphonic action in the trap. Quieter in operation than the washdown type and the pan is also less likely to get soiled. Two types – single-trap and double-trap: double-trap is more efficient and com¬mon, but some get blocked more easily; both types cost more than the washdown type. A close-coupled cistern is linked directly to the pan – neater than the standard type. Some washdown pans are designed for use with close-coupled cist¬erns too. The cistern has its inlet and overflow mounted underneath, which gives a neater appearance.
Wall-hung WC
Keeps the floor clear but does not necessarily allow any flexibility in mounting height. The cistern is usually concealed behind a false wall.
WC with narrow cistern
Useful when con¬verting an old-fashioned high-level cistern to a low-level type, or for when space in front of the WC is restricted.
Dual-flush cistern
Enables you to flush the pan using either half or the full amount of water. Saves water when using the WC as a urinal (half flush).
Bidets
The main purpose of a bidet is for wash¬ing the bottom and genitals. It is used by sitting astride it – either facing towards or away from the taps, whichever is more comfortable. It can also be used as a footbath, as a basin for small children, or for soaking clothes.
Over-rim supply
The water is supplied to the bowl of the bidet from taps, in exactly the same manner as a wash basin. This type is easier to plumb in but the rim can feel cold when sitting on it.
Through-rim supply
Special water valves are needed and the warm water flows around the rim before filling the bowl, to warm it. This type often has a spray fitted to the base of the bowl, which is used for douching. Both the bidet and the taps are more expensive than the over-rim type, and special plumbing regulations have to be observed.
Wall-mounted bidet
As with wall-mounted WC, keeps the floor clear, but does not necessarily allow any flexibility in mounting height.
About the Author
Bathroom plumbing is one of the main issues in home renovation. You should know about how to install drywall in your bathroom and how to choose bathroom materials.